var g_txt=[
{t:"1 ",p:1,x:491,y:1333,w:14,h:14},
{t:"Shannon News  ",p:1,x:269,y:114,w:494,h:56},
{t:"Shannon Trust sponsors the Toe by Toe Reading Plan in Prisons ",p:1,x:178,y:74,w:748,h:18},
{t:"The Newsletter for Shannon Trust Volunteers ",p:1,x:299,y:186,w:399,h:15},
{t:"Autumn 2009 ",p:1,x:772,y:131,w:125,h:15},
{t:"An Abundance of Good Ideas from Our Prisons ",p:1,x:135,y:628,w:732,h:28},
{t:"An impressive number of good ideas are formed when ",p:1,x:66,y:679,w:420,h:14},
{t:"Prison Staff, Shannon Trust Representatives and    ",p:1,x:66,y:703,w:399,h:14},
{t:"prisoners regularly meet to discuss Toe by Toe.  Here ",p:1,x:66,y:726,w:415,h:14},
{t:"is a selection of the most recent. ",p:1,x:66,y:749,w:255,h:14},
{t:"@ HMP Highdown ",p:1,x:66,y:780,w:149,h:14},
{t:"The library has initiated a Reading Group using books ",p:1,x:66,y:804,w:425,h:14},
{t:"for emerging readers to encourage new readers to read ",p:1,x:66,y:827,w:426,h:14},
{t:"for pleasure. ",p:1,x:66,y:850,w:102,h:14},
{t:"@ HMP Downview ",p:1,x:66,y:882,w:149,h:14},
{t:"A new agreement is being trialled.  It states that Men-",p:1,x:66,y:906,w:415,h:14},
{t:"tors and Learners can leave work 20 minutes early at ",p:1,x:66,y:930,w:418,h:14},
{t:"the end of 3 mornings a week for Toe by Toe. ",p:1,x:66,y:953,w:351,h:14},
{t:"Also being trialled is a weekly mentor support group ",p:1,x:66,y:976,w:409,h:14},
{t:"facilitated by a tutor in Education. ",p:1,x:66,y:999,w:272,h:14},
{t:"@ HMP Shrewsbury ",p:1,x:66,y:1031,w:162,h:14},
{t:"The Chaplaincy recently ran an evening session for ",p:1,x:66,y:1055,w:400,h:14},
{t:"prospective volunteers where the Local Representative ",p:1,x:66,y:1079,w:423,h:14},
{t:"spoke about Toe by Toe. ",p:1,x:66,y:1102,w:192,h:14},
{t:"@ HMP Wormwood Scrubs ",p:1,x:66,y:1134,w:218,h:14},
{t:"At induction new prisoners are handed slips of paper ",p:1,x:66,y:1158,w:416,h:14},
{t:"with tick boxes to enable them to discreetly indicate ",p:1,x:66,y:1181,w:407,h:14},
{t:"that they want to be contacted about Toe by Toe. ",p:1,x:66,y:1205,w:383,h:14},
{t:"@ HMP Buckley Hall ",p:1,x:66,y:1237,w:171,h:14},
{t:"Induction Officers ensure that new prisoners who are ",p:1,x:66,y:1261,w:418,h:14},
{t:"unable to read are placed on wings with Mentors. ",p:1,x:66,y:1284,w:387,h:14},
{t:"The prison magazine has featured an interview with ",p:1,x:66,y:1307,w:406,h:14},
{t:"the Toe by Toe Facilitator to raise awareness. ",p:1,x:501,y:679,w:354,h:14},
{t:"@ HMP Acklington ",p:1,x:501,y:710,w:157,h:14},
{t:"Mentors photographs are on display so that staff and ",p:1,x:501,y:734,w:416,h:14},
{t:"other prisoners are aware of who the Toe by Toe    ",p:1,x:501,y:757,w:391,h:14},
{t:"Mentors are on each wing. ",p:1,x:501,y:780,w:209,h:14},
{t:"Prisoners who are awarded certificates will have their ",p:1,x:501,y:804,w:417,h:14},
{t:"achievements reported in the prison newspaper. ",p:1,x:501,y:827,w:374,h:14},
{t:"@ HMP Chelmsford ",p:1,x:501,y:857,w:161,h:14},
{t:"The team is exploring ways to raise awareness in the ",p:1,x:501,y:881,w:413,h:14},
{t:"Visitors’ Centre.  ",p:1,x:501,y:905,w:134,h:14},
{t:"@ HMP Hewell ",p:1,x:501,y:937,w:121,h:14},
{t:"Other groups that regularly meet in the prison e.g. the ",p:1,x:501,y:961,w:426,h:14},
{t:"Sikh group and the Chinese group are visited by   ",p:1,x:501,y:984,w:389,h:14},
{t:"Mentors to encourage more prisoners to get involved. ",p:1,x:501,y:1007,w:415,h:14},
{t:"@ HMYOI Deerbolt ",p:1,x:501,y:1039,w:156,h:14},
{t:"Officers plan to have the feet symbol printed on the ",p:1,x:501,y:1064,w:402,h:14},
{t:"menu sheets and other forms that the young prisoners ",p:1,x:501,y:1087,w:429,h:14},
{t:"are presented with to help encourage dialogue about ",p:1,x:501,y:1110,w:411,h:14},
{t:"the value of learning to read. ",p:1,x:501,y:1133,w:227,h:14},
{t:"Local Representatives can read more good ideas from ",p:1,x:501,y:1176,w:416,h:14},
{t:"our prisons in the Volunteer Area of our website.  ",p:1,x:501,y:1199,w:388,h:14},
{t:"Please contact Yasmin@shannontrust.org.uk if you ",p:1,x:501,y:1222,w:400,h:14},
{t:"need help to access this. ",p:1,x:501,y:1246,w:194,h:14},
{t:"Ideas compiled by Yasmin Aktar ",p:1,x:589,y:1279,w:254,h:14},
{t:"The Power of Toe by Toe          ",p:1,x:611,y:218,w:323,h:18},
{t:"Celebrated at HMP The Verne ",p:1,x:586,y:241,w:312,h:18},
{t:"Early in September, 68 Mentors and Learners   ",p:1,x:553,y:273,w:350,h:14},
{t:"attended a celebration of Toe by Toe hosted by the ",p:1,x:553,y:295,w:373,h:14},
{t:"excellent Toe by Toe Facilitator, Katrina Thompson ",p:1,x:553,y:317,w:377,h:14},
{t:"and Local Representative Robin Collis.  Prisoners ",p:1,x:553,y:339,w:364,h:14},
{t:"spoke of their learning experiences and some gave ",p:1,x:553,y:361,w:372,h:14},
{t:"short demonstrations of ‘Toe by Toe at work’. ",p:1,x:553,y:383,w:334,h:14},
{t:"The picture shows Governor Denise Hodder (left) ",p:1,x:553,y:414,w:360,h:14},
{t:"with Katrina and the celebration cake. Denise ",p:1,x:553,y:436,w:340,h:14},
{t:"said, ",p:1,x:553,y:458,w:37,h:14},
{t:"“It’s very rare to see so many men without an  ",p:1,x:557,y:480,w:341,h:14},
{t:"officer in sight, so engaged and sharing the same ",p:1,x:553,y:502,w:364,h:14},
{t:"interest and intent and all giving their time and ",p:1,x:553,y:524,w:353,h:14},
{t:"effort for no reward.” ",p:1,x:553,y:546,w:156,h:14},
{t:"That’s the power of Toe by Toe! ",p:1,x:626,y:568,w:231,h:14},
{t:"2 ",p:2,x:491,y:1333,w:14,h:14},
{t:"Shannon News  ",p:2,x:825,y:1298,w:110,h:12},
{t:"Autumn 2009 ",p:2,x:66,y:1298,w:100,h:12},
{t:"Boys Brought to Book Live Happily Ever After ",p:2,x:137,y:72,w:726,h:28},
{t:"Detective Chief Superintendent, John Carnochan of ",p:2,x:66,y:119,w:405,h:14},
{t:"the Scotland-wide Violence Reduction Unit is an     ",p:2,x:66,y:142,w:398,h:14},
{t:"expert in gang culture, he says, “As a police officer, ",p:2,x:66,y:165,w:400,h:14},
{t:"when you start researching how you could prevent ",p:2,x:66,y:188,w:397,h:14},
{t:"violence, reading is a key component.  You go to     ",p:2,x:66,y:212,w:397,h:14},
{t:"Polmont prison and you find many of them struggle ",p:2,x:66,y:235,w:404,h:14},
{t:"with literacy and numeracy.” ",p:2,x:66,y:258,w:225,h:14},
{t:"The correspondence between Lifer Tom Shannon and ",p:2,x:66,y:841,w:416,h:14},
{t:"retired farmer, Christopher Morgan formed the begin-",p:2,x:66,y:865,w:415,h:14},
{t:"nings of Shannon Trust.  A third edition of the book of ",p:2,x:66,y:888,w:425,h:14},
{t:"their collected letters, The Invisible Crying Tree, has ",p:2,x:66,y:911,w:407,h:14},
{t:"recently been released with a revised introduction. ",p:2,x:66,y:934,w:392,h:14},
{t:"The correspondence tells the tale of a prisoner’s year ",p:2,x:66,y:966,w:412,h:14},
{t:"through momentary glimpses providing the reader ",p:2,x:66,y:989,w:394,h:14},
{t:"with valuable insights into both men, whilst uncon-",p:2,x:66,y:1012,w:400,h:14},
{t:"sciously telling us much more about the nature of  ",p:2,x:66,y:1035,w:397,h:14},
{t:"society, politics and the brutality of prison life, and the ",p:2,x:66,y:1059,w:430,h:14},
{t:"kind of people who find themselves there.  It also ",p:2,x:66,y:1082,w:383,h:14},
{t:"rather sadly documents the institutionalisation of in-",p:2,x:66,y:1105,w:411,h:14},
{t:"mates and most sadly, of Tom himself.  ",p:2,x:66,y:1128,w:305,h:14},
{t:"If one was ever at the beginning of a prison sentence, ",p:2,x:66,y:1159,w:416,h:14},
{t:"Tom is the kind of individual you would need to be-",p:2,x:66,y:1183,w:398,h:14},
{t:"friend you.  His spirit makes him a survivor in prison.  ",p:2,x:66,y:1206,w:427,h:14},
{t:"His stories show a warm sense of humour and a ",p:2,x:66,y:1229,w:378,h:14},
{t:"healthy degree of cynicism.  Tom is no career criminal ",p:2,x:66,y:1252,w:423,h:14},
{t:"and in his early letters he reminds us that he deserves ",p:2,x:500,y:841,w:427,h:14},
{t:"to be there.  His story is both uplifting and frustrating ",p:2,x:500,y:865,w:420,h:14},
{t:"The pleasure Tom takes from music, poetry and     ",p:2,x:500,y:896,w:396,h:14},
{t:"nature is touching - the fact that at Blundeston, he ",p:2,x:500,y:919,w:402,h:14},
{t:"could watch birds outside his window meant a lot to ",p:2,x:500,y:942,w:410,h:14},
{t:"him.  His opera cassettes are a great source of pride, ",p:2,x:500,y:966,w:412,h:14},
{t:"even if he must keep them from other prisoners.  ",p:2,x:500,y:989,w:383,h:14},
{t:"These brighter moments fill the reader with hope. ",p:2,x:500,y:1012,w:385,h:14},
{t:"The book is still a wonderful read.  It is at times excit-",p:2,x:500,y:1043,w:417,h:14},
{t:"ing, intriguing, frightening and enlightening.  ",p:2,x:500,y:1067,w:354,h:14},
{t:"Although I had visited a prison prior to reading it, the ",p:2,x:500,y:1098,w:420,h:14},
{t:"book showed me how little I know of what prison life       ",p:2,x:500,y:1121,w:441,h:14},
{t:"actually entails.  The book’s art is its simplicity. ",p:2,x:500,y:1144,w:375,h:14},
{t:"Ali Macgregor (2009) ",p:2,x:766,y:1176,w:164,h:14},
{t:"If you would like a copy of The Invisible Crying Tree ",p:2,x:500,y:1207,w:404,h:14},
{t:"please contact Yasmin@shannontrust.org.uk.  Please ",p:2,x:500,y:1230,w:416,h:14},
{t:"pass it on to someone else once you have read it. ",p:2,x:500,y:1253,w:383,h:14},
{t:"A Review of The Invisible Crying Tree ",p:2,x:168,y:792,w:665,h:31},
{t:"Mr Carnochan believes exposure to reading and listen-",p:2,x:500,y:119,w:423,h:14},
{t:"ing from an early age could prevent youngsters head-",p:2,x:500,y:142,w:412,h:14},
{t:"ing down the wrong path.  “As children learn language ",p:2,x:500,y:165,w:426,h:14},
{t:"they can communicate much better, which a lot of ",p:2,x:500,y:188,w:394,h:14},
{t:"those young people find difficult,” he explains.  The ",p:2,x:500,y:212,w:401,h:14},
{t:"way they solve differences is through violence rather ",p:2,x:500,y:235,w:410,h:14},
{t:"that through debate and discussion.” ",p:2,x:500,y:258,w:293,h:14},
{t:"He believes reading with a parent could instil commu-",p:2,x:500,y:291,w:418,h:14},
{t:"nication abilities crucial to young people later in life.  ",p:2,x:500,y:314,w:416,h:14},
{t:"“That ability to listen to people, to understand, to ",p:2,x:500,y:337,w:386,h:14},
{t:"judge and to make good decisions,” he says, “a lot of ",p:2,x:500,y:361,w:410,h:14},
{t:"those young guys just don’t have that.” ",p:2,x:500,y:384,w:307,h:14},
{t:"He concedes many of the parents of youngsters who ",p:2,x:500,y:407,w:407,h:14},
{t:"go off the rails have often no experience of books or ",p:2,x:500,y:430,w:402,h:14},
{t:"reading with their own parents. ",p:2,x:500,y:454,w:248,h:14},
{t:"Sue Palmer is a child development expert and author ",p:2,x:500,y:487,w:416,h:14},
{t:"of a book called ‘21st Century Boys: How modern life is ",p:2,x:500,y:510,w:427,h:14},
{t:"driving them off the rails’.  She says it is particularly ",p:2,x:500,y:533,w:407,h:14},
{t:"important for parents to view reading as just as impor-",p:2,x:500,y:556,w:424,h:14},
{t:"tant an activity for boys as girls.  “Boys particularly ",p:2,x:500,y:580,w:403,h:14},
{t:"benefit from a lot of time and attention and being read ",p:2,x:500,y:603,w:425,h:14},
{t:"to when they are little.” Perhaps sitting on daddy’s ",p:2,x:500,y:626,w:395,h:14},
{t:"knee pointing a sticky finger at a copy of Happy Dog ",p:2,x:500,y:649,w:408,h:14},
{t:"Sad Dog will give that baby boy a greater gift than  ",p:2,x:500,y:673,w:396,h:14},
{t:"either of them will ever know - a stay-out-of-jail card. ",p:2,x:500,y:696,w:417,h:14},
{t:"This is an extract from an article by Fiona Macleod, ",p:2,x:513,y:729,w:404,h:14},
{t:"published in The Scotsman 16/09/09 ",p:2,x:566,y:752,w:299,h:14},
{t:"3 ",p:3,x:491,y:1333,w:14,h:14},
{t:"Every year HMP Full Sutton celebrates the NIACE         ",p:3,x:66,y:614,w:408,h:14},
{t:"National Adult Learner’s week.  Nominations are submit-",p:3,x:66,y:636,w:417,h:14},
{t:"ted for individuals and teams that have made the most ",p:3,x:66,y:658,w:407,h:14},
{t:"progress in Learning and Skills over the past year.  A ",p:3,x:66,y:680,w:394,h:14},
{t:"panel of judges agree the overall individual and team ",p:3,x:66,y:702,w:392,h:14},
{t:"awards which are presented by the Governor or his repre-",p:3,x:66,y:724,w:424,h:14},
{t:"sentative, at an Adult Learners’ Week Awards Ceremony. ",p:3,x:66,y:746,w:421,h:14},
{t:"This year the overall winner of the Team Award 2009 was ",p:3,x:66,y:778,w:426,h:14},
{t:"Autumn 2009 ",p:3,x:66,y:1303,w:100,h:12},
{t:"Shannon News ",p:3,x:825,y:1303,w:105,h:12},
{t:"Shannon Trust Book Presentation at HMP Ryehill ",p:3,x:151,y:805,w:697,h:25},
{t:"First Toe by Toe Awards Presented at HMP Camp Hill ",p:3,x:126,y:71,w:747,h:25},
{t:"HMP Camphill is part of the Isle of Wight Cluster and ",p:3,x:66,y:109,w:418,h:14},
{t:"a Cat C training prison.  Like many of our establish-",p:3,x:66,y:132,w:405,h:14},
{t:"ments it has taken some time for the Toe by Toe team ",p:3,x:66,y:155,w:421,h:14},
{t:"to build solid foundations for the Reading Plan.  The ",p:3,x:66,y:179,w:410,h:14},
{t:"creativity and hard work of Library Manager,         ",p:3,x:66,y:202,w:392,h:14},
{t:"Sam Ward and her team are paying off, the positive ",p:3,x:66,y:225,w:402,h:14},
{t:"results evident at a recent prisoners’ presentation   ",p:3,x:66,y:248,w:400,h:14},
{t:"afternoon held in the Chapel. ",p:3,x:66,y:272,w:228,h:14},
{t:"Scott, a Toe by Toe Mentor for over eighteen months ",p:3,x:66,y:303,w:408,h:14},
{t:"has helped many prisoners improve their reading ",p:3,x:66,y:326,w:386,h:14},
{t:"skills and for this dedication he received a Shannon ",p:3,x:66,y:349,w:406,h:14},
{t:"Trust Commendation Award for ‘outstanding          ",p:3,x:66,y:373,w:397,h:14},
{t:"contribution as a Toe by Toe Mentor’. ",p:3,x:66,y:396,w:290,h:14},
{t:"A well-deserved Shannon Trust Achievement Award ",p:3,x:66,y:427,w:404,h:14},
{t:"was presented to Martyn Campbell for ‘exceptional ",p:3,x:66,y:450,w:396,h:14},
{t:"progress in developing his reading skills’.  Martyn   ",p:3,x:66,y:474,w:399,h:14},
{t:"explained how his dyslexia had made reading difficult ",p:3,x:66,y:497,w:420,h:14},
{t:"until he was introduced to Toe by Toe.  He is now a ",p:3,x:66,y:520,w:401,h:14},
{t:"confident reader who can actually read a book for ",p:3,x:505,y:411,w:389,h:14},
{t:"pleasure and enjoy it! ",p:3,x:505,y:434,w:169,h:14},
{t:"Sam commended both men for working hard and   ",p:3,x:505,y:466,w:395,h:14},
{t:"being excellent ambassadors for Toe by Toe at Camp ",p:3,x:505,y:489,w:411,h:14},
{t:"Hill.  Martyn has now become a Mentor so that he ",p:3,x:505,y:512,w:392,h:14},
{t:"can pass on his valuable reading skills to others.   ",p:3,x:505,y:535,w:393,h:14},
{t:"By Lorna Jones, Shannon Trust Local Representative ",p:3,x:276,y:844,w:444,h:14},
{t:"Roger, Niki, Lorna and Erica in the Library ",p:3,x:118,y:1256,w:357,h:14},
{t:"HMP Full Sutton Adult  Learners’ Week Achievement ",p:3,x:129,y:569,w:744,h:25},
{t:"the prison’s Toe by Toe team, led by Librarian, Anne-",p:3,x:505,y:614,w:389,h:14},
{t:"Marie Dooner.  The award recognises the team’s progress ",p:3,x:505,y:636,w:424,h:14},
{t:"to firmly establish the Toe by Toe Reading Plan which ",p:3,x:505,y:658,w:397,h:14},
{t:"now has Mentors on nearly all wings. Monthly Toe by ",p:3,x:505,y:680,w:396,h:14},
{t:"Toe meetings are well attended and enable the team to ",p:3,x:505,y:702,w:404,h:14},
{t:"review    progress, complete statistics and exchange ",p:3,x:505,y:724,w:384,h:14},
{t:"news and views.  Well done Full Sutton! ",p:3,x:505,y:746,w:294,h:14},
{t:"Report by Richard Siddall ",p:3,x:737,y:768,w:193,h:14},
{t:"It may have been the 13th when the books were presented ",p:3,x:66,y:878,w:456,h:14},
{t:"but it certainly was not an unlucky day. Everything was ",p:3,x:66,y:901,w:439,h:14},
{t:"well-organised and ran smoothly - not easy when it        ",p:3,x:66,y:924,w:437,h:14},
{t:"involves volunteers travelling long distances, a ",p:3,x:538,y:873,w:364,h:14},
{t:"member of senior management, busy prison staff ",p:3,x:538,y:896,w:385,h:14},
{t:"and an in-house radio crew. ",p:3,x:538,y:920,w:222,h:14},
{t:"The books were presented in the library to Head ",p:3,x:538,y:953,w:377,h:14},
{t:"of Regimes, Niki Jackson who immediately ",p:3,x:538,y:976,w:334,h:14},
{t:"passed them to Librarian, Erica Bellman.  Before ",p:3,x:538,y:999,w:383,h:14},
{t:"we left they were already on the shelves. ",p:3,x:538,y:1022,w:316,h:14},
{t:"East Midlands Area Co-ordinator, Roger Outram ",p:3,x:538,y:1055,w:380,h:14},
{t:"and I were then interviewed for the prison radio ",p:3,x:538,y:1079,w:373,h:14},
{t:"station.  The interviewers had prepared well and ",p:3,x:538,y:1102,w:378,h:14},
{t:"showed awareness and enthusiasm for Toe by ",p:3,x:538,y:1125,w:361,h:14},
{t:"Toe.  They appreciated the difficulties inherent in ",p:3,x:538,y:1148,w:385,h:14},
{t:"running Toe by Toe.   ",p:3,x:538,y:1172,w:169,h:14},
{t:"It was delightful to be thanked publicly for the ",p:3,x:538,y:1205,w:363,h:14},
{t:"behind the scenes work that all Volunteers do ",p:3,x:538,y:1228,w:360,h:14},
{t:"and better still, two of the interviewers decided to ",p:3,x:538,y:1251,w:386,h:14},
{t:"become Mentors! ",p:3,x:538,y:1274,w:136,h:14},
{t:"4 ",p:4,x:491,y:1333,w:14,h:14},
{t:"Shannon Trust, Royal London House, 22-25 Finsbury Square, LONDON, EC2A  1DX   ",p:4,x:154,y:1261,w:699,h:14},
{t:"Tel:  020 7374 8855    www.shannontrust.org.uk    ",p:4,x:295,y:1288,w:422,h:14},
{t:"Company No:  5906258  Charity No:  1117249 ",p:4,x:305,y:1315,w:387,h:14},
{t:"‘When I came into prison all my educational levels were ",p:4,x:66,y:147,w:404,h:14},
{t:"below level 1 on assessment. I was very embarrassed as I ",p:4,x:66,y:169,w:424,h:14},
{t:"struggled with my reading and writing. My first course ",p:4,x:66,y:191,w:397,h:14},
{t:"that you funded – when I passed it, this gave me a sense ",p:4,x:66,y:213,w:415,h:14},
{t:"of pride I had not had before and the confidence to con-",p:4,x:66,y:235,w:397,h:14},
{t:"tinue. Only with your help have I been able to do this and ",p:4,x:66,y:257,w:418,h:14},
{t:"find that I really enjoy learning. These days I am qualified ",p:4,x:66,y:279,w:422,h:14},
{t:"to teach others to read. I intend to put everything I have ",p:4,x:66,y:301,w:403,h:14},
{t:"learned to good use both now and in the future.’ ",p:4,x:66,y:323,w:350,h:14},
{t:"The prisoner who wrote this had just completed an Open ",p:4,x:66,y:354,w:422,h:14},
{t:"University (OU) course at first year undergraduate level, ",p:4,x:66,y:376,w:415,h:14},
{t:"achieving a grade of 75%. His achievement is significant ",p:4,x:66,y:398,w:415,h:14},
{t:"and not unusual. Many prisoners who decide to seize the ",p:4,x:66,y:420,w:424,h:14},
{t:"opportunities offered by education and learning whilst ",p:4,x:66,y:443,w:402,h:14},
{t:"inside prison make considerable progress. It is one of the ",p:4,x:66,y:465,w:423,h:14},
{t:"paradoxical aspects of prison that for some prisoners, it ",p:4,x:66,y:487,w:414,h:14},
{t:"is the place where they first encounter the liberating   ",p:4,x:66,y:509,w:398,h:14},
{t:"potential of learning. ",p:4,x:66,y:531,w:156,h:14},
{t:"Literacy lies at the heart of most education and learning. ",p:4,x:66,y:562,w:421,h:14},
{t:"Being able to read and write is the essential platform for ",p:4,x:66,y:584,w:417,h:14},
{t:"discovering the range of opportunities that exist, both ",p:4,x:66,y:606,w:398,h:14},
{t:"inside and outside prison. Inside prison, these include ",p:4,x:66,y:628,w:403,h:14},
{t:"basic qualifications, resettlement focussed courses, dis-",p:4,x:66,y:650,w:409,h:14},
{t:"tance learning, vocational skills training and qualifica-",p:4,x:66,y:672,w:400,h:14},
{t:"tions and OU study. There are also many voluntary    ",p:4,x:66,y:694,w:396,h:14},
{t:"projects which complement the formal curriculum and ",p:4,x:66,y:716,w:405,h:14},
{t:"demonstrate how learning and literacy should not be re-",p:4,x:66,y:738,w:413,h:14},
{t:"stricted to qualifications and exams. Reading groups, ",p:4,x:66,y:760,w:395,h:14},
{t:"writers in residence, voluntary teaching through Toe by ",p:4,x:66,y:782,w:411,h:14},
{t:"Toe, Storybook Dads, and many other initiatives enrich ",p:4,x:66,y:804,w:410,h:14},
{t:"what is available and enable prisoners to discover ideas, ",p:4,x:66,y:826,w:417,h:14},
{t:"talent and resources for wider self-development. ",p:4,x:66,y:848,w:357,h:14},
{t:"It is now widely recognised that many prisoners have ",p:4,x:66,y:880,w:394,h:14},
{t:"been educationally disadvantaged compared with the ",p:4,x:66,y:902,w:394,h:14},
{t:"general population. The recent Ministry of Justice       ",p:4,x:66,y:924,w:398,h:14},
{t:"longitudinal study[1] confirmed some of the key statistics ",p:4,x:66,y:946,w:424,h:14},
{t:"from the 2002 Social Exclusion Unit report, showing that ",p:4,x:66,y:968,w:425,h:14},
{t:"nearly half of those in prison have no qualifications at all, ",p:4,x:66,y:990,w:427,h:14},
{t:"and over 40% were permanently excluded from school ",p:4,x:66,y:1012,w:401,h:14},
{t:"(over 50% for young offenders). The reasons for this vary, ",p:4,x:66,y:1034,w:424,h:14},
{t:"but the results are the same. Lack of basic qualifications ",p:4,x:66,y:1056,w:421,h:14},
{t:"seriously restricts not just employment chances but life ",p:4,x:66,y:1078,w:412,h:14},
{t:"chances. ",p:4,x:66,y:1100,w:69,h:14},
{t:"It ought not to be the case that people have to be in ",p:4,x:66,y:1132,w:383,h:14},
{t:"prison before they engage in achieving basic qualifica-",p:4,x:66,y:1154,w:396,h:14},
{t:"tions, but for many prisoners, it is. It makes sense there-",p:4,x:66,y:1176,w:418,h:14},
{t:"fore that the statutory provision though OLASS, the    ",p:4,x:66,y:1198,w:399,h:14},
{t:"Offender Learning and Skills Service, concentrates on ",p:4,x:66,y:1220,w:398,h:14},
{t:"getting as many prisoners as possible to the basic       ",p:4,x:501,y:147,w:399,h:14},
{t:"employability platform of level 2 qualifications in literacy, ",p:4,x:501,y:169,w:424,h:14},
{t:"numeracy and IT.  But OLASS cannot do everything. A ",p:4,x:501,y:191,w:405,h:14},
{t:"variety of methods are needed to overcome resistance and ",p:4,x:501,y:213,w:428,h:14},
{t:"lack of confidence resulting from earlier poor experience ",p:4,x:501,y:235,w:415,h:14},
{t:"of learning. The Toe by Toe one to one method, and the ",p:4,x:501,y:257,w:408,h:14},
{t:"use of peer mentors and tutors more generally, are     ",p:4,x:501,y:279,w:396,h:14},
{t:"crucial and successful ways of meeting the learning ",p:4,x:501,y:301,w:383,h:14},
{t:"needs of more prisoners. ",p:4,x:501,y:323,w:185,h:14},
{t:"It would be a mistake to think that just because such a ",p:4,x:501,y:354,w:411,h:14},
{t:"high proportion of prisoners lack basic qualifications, ",p:4,x:501,y:376,w:396,h:14},
{t:"they lack capacity or potential. On the contrary, many ",p:4,x:501,y:398,w:402,h:14},
{t:"who missed out during their school years find that they ",p:4,x:501,y:420,w:412,h:14},
{t:"can make significant progress. There are over 1000    ",p:4,x:501,y:443,w:395,h:14},
{t:"prisoners studying with the OU in prison, many of whom ",p:4,x:501,y:465,w:423,h:14},
{t:"began from a very basic level. ",p:4,x:501,y:487,w:220,h:14},
{t:"Literacy also enables prisoners to have a voice, to become ",p:4,x:501,y:518,w:427,h:14},
{t:"‘agents’ and even authors. The wealth of poetry and   ",p:4,x:501,y:540,w:393,h:14},
{t:"writing in the prisoners’ newspaper, Inside Time, and in ",p:4,x:501,y:562,w:415,h:14},
{t:"other published anthologies, is testimony to a thirst for ",p:4,x:501,y:584,w:409,h:14},
{t:"self-expression. Prisoners’ writings convey their take on  ",p:4,x:501,y:606,w:417,h:14},
{t:"the world and their search to understand themselves, ",p:4,x:501,y:628,w:398,h:14},
{t:"their situation and, often, their crimes and victims. Liter-",p:4,x:501,y:650,w:419,h:14},
{t:"acy plays a role in therapeutic learning and can pave the ",p:4,x:501,y:672,w:421,h:14},
{t:"way for restorative justice by enabling empathy and    ",p:4,x:501,y:694,w:398,h:14},
{t:"perspective. ",p:4,x:501,y:716,w:91,h:14},
{t:"All of the ways in which literacy develops during a prison ",p:4,x:501,y:748,w:423,h:14},
{t:"sentence can build foundations for its usefulness post-",p:4,x:501,y:770,w:403,h:14},
{t:"release. As literacy grows, so too can aspirations and am-",p:4,x:501,y:792,w:421,h:14},
{t:"bitions. Literacy leads to many of the soft skills which ",p:4,x:501,y:814,w:399,h:14},
{t:"employers want and which can make the difference in ",p:4,x:501,y:836,w:400,h:14},
{t:"securing a job or building a business. Literacy is as cru-",p:4,x:501,y:858,w:413,h:14},
{t:"cial as resettlement is to be a chance to re-shape lives ",p:4,x:501,y:880,w:400,h:14},
{t:"rather than a return to the same old patterns. It is clear ",p:4,x:501,y:902,w:415,h:14},
{t:"that prisoners who engage in learning want to change. In ",p:4,x:501,y:924,w:423,h:14},
{t:"our recent survey of prisoners’ experience of education[2], ",p:4,x:501,y:946,w:428,h:14},
{t:"69% said their reason for learning was ‘to better myself’ ",p:4,x:501,y:968,w:412,h:14},
{t:"and 60% said they wanted to improve their employment ",p:4,x:501,y:990,w:414,h:14},
{t:"prospects. ",p:4,x:501,y:1012,w:80,h:14},
{t:"Literacy is the tool no-one can manage without. It is also ",p:4,x:501,y:1044,w:421,h:14},
{t:"a freedom that should be available to everyone. Our    ",p:4,x:501,y:1066,w:398,h:14},
{t:"systems, both in society and in criminal justice, must do ",p:4,x:501,y:1088,w:421,h:14},
{t:"better to ensure it is within the reach of everyone. ",p:4,x:501,y:1110,w:370,h:14},
{t:"This article appeared in Learning Matters, October 2009 ",p:4,x:507,y:1142,w:417,h:14},
{t:"www.prisonerseducation.org.uk ",p:4,x:596,y:1164,w:238,h:14},
{t:"[1] ",p:4,x:501,y:1194,w:15,h:9},
{t:"see Bromley briefings July 2009 p.48 ",p:4,x:548,y:1194,w:185,h:9},
{t:"[2] ",p:4,x:501,y:1209,w:15,h:9},
{t:"Brain Cells: listening to prison learners PET 2009 ",p:4,x:548,y:1209,w:245,h:9},
{t:"Literacy is a Tool No One Can Manage Without ",p:4,x:131,y:72,w:733,h:28},
{t:"Pat Jones Director of Prisoners Education Trust explains why ",p:4,x:255,y:112,w:486,h:14},
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